Iran: Recruitment of child soldiers as young as 12 amounts to a war crime 

Source: Amnesty International –

Iranian authorities are trampling upon children’s rights and committing a grave violation of international humanitarian law amounting to a war crime by recruiting and mobilizing children as young as 12 into a military campaign led by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Amnesty International said today. 

On 26 March 2026, a deputy of the IRGC Mohammad Rasoul Allah Corps of Greater Tehran, Rahim Nadali, announced that a recruitment campaign called the “Homeland-Defending Combatants for Iran” is “open to volunteers” aged 12 and above, encouraging registrations at Basij bases in mosques across Tehran to join “combatants defending the homeland.” Eyewitness accounts and verified audiovisual evidence show child soldiers having been deployed at IRGC checkpoints and patrols, armed with weapons, including AK47pattern rifles.   

“The Iranian authorities are shamelessly encouraging children as young as 12 to join an IRGC run military campaign, putting them in grave danger and violating international law, which prohibits the recruitment and use of children in the military. Recruiting children under 15 into the armed forces constitutes a war crime,” said Erika Guevara-Rosas, Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns. 

As US and Israeli strikes hit thousands of IRGC sites, including Basij facilities, across the country, including through drone attacks targeting security patrols and checkpoints, the deployment of child soldiers alongside IRGC personnel or in their facilities puts them at grave risk of death and injury.

Erika Guevara-Rosas, Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns. 

“As US and Israeli strikes hit thousands of IRGC sites, including Basij facilities, across the country, including through drone attacks targeting security patrols and checkpoints, the deployment of child soldiers alongside IRGC personnel or in their facilities puts them at grave risk of death and injury. Iranian authorities must immediately stop their criminal assault on children’s rights and prohibit the recruitment of anyone under 18 by the armed forces.” 

According to official statements, under announced campaign, recruits are being assigned to a range of activities linked to the IRGC’s “operational and security” activities, including patrols, checkpoint duties, logistical support, distribution of equipment and supplies, and assisting with food, medical and relief tasks.  

Amnesty International has analysed 16 photos and videos that have appeared online since 21 March 2026, showing children wielding weapons such as AK-pattern assault rifles  or standing alongside IRGC and other forces at checkpoints, on patrols and during state-organized militarized rallies in Tehran, Mashad and Kermanshah. 

On 29 March, 11-year-old boy, Alireza Jafari, was killed, while accompanying his father, a member of the IRGC’s Basij, at a checkpoint in Tehran, laying bare the devastating consequences of the presence of children at military objectives. Authorities have confirmed that the child was killed “while serving” at a checkpoint following an Israeli drone attack. 

The boy’s mother told Hamshahri newspaper that on the night of the incident, her husband reported a “shortage of personnel” at checkpoints and took their sons, Alireza Jafari and his younger nine-year-old brother, with him. She added that her husband said Alireza “must get prepared for the days ahead” and that currently, children as young as 15 and 16 commonly take part in checkpoint duties. 

A Senior Reporter for BBC Persian Forensic, Ghoncheh Habibiazad, shared with Amnesty International screenshots of text messages received from four eyewitnesses in Tehran, Karaj, and Rasht who reported seeing children deployed at Basijrun checkpoints and armed with weapons, including AK47pattern rifles, in March 2026.  

One of the eyewitnesses from Tehran wrote: 

“[On 25 March], I saw a child at a checkpoint near our house… I think he was about 15. He just had the faint beginnings of a moustache. It seemed like he was struggling to breathe from the effort of lifting the gun. He was pointing the gun toward the cars.” 

Another eyewitness from Karaj wrote: 

“Today [on 27 March], I saw a child at a checkpoint. I think he was about 16. His facial hair hadn’t even grown. He was holding a Kalashnikov rifle.” 

An eyewitness from Rasht wrote on 30 March: 

“I have seen children wielding weapons. They wear masks to cover their faces, but it is obvious they are kids. They have not even grown in height… some appear to be 13 years old at most… I saw [several] children standing in front of mosques [where Basij bases are located], ahead of the actual forces. I keep thinking their brains aren’t developed like adults and they might actually fire randomly. I am both scared of them and feel sad for them.” 

In a video posted online on 30 March 2026, filmed in Mashhad at Shariati Square, two children, visibly identifiable from their height and stature, are seen wearing Basij camouflage uniforms and balaclavas and carrying AK‑pattern assault rifles while positioned on a white car during a state-organized rally. One child is visible standing through a side window, while the other appears positioned through the top window of the vehicle. The footage shows the children elevated above the crowd as the car moves through the square, with people around them cheering and waving flags. 

The recruitment announcement was circulated alongside a poster depicting a man in a uniform belonging to the Basij battalions of the IRGC, a woman in civilian dress, and two children, a boy and a girl. The poster promoted the campaign under the slogan “Basij with people, for people,” and featured a quote from the late Supreme Leader and commander-in-chief of the armed forces Ali Khamenei, stating that “Basijis must remain at the heart of the field for the main virtues of the Revolution to stay alive.” 

In an interview aired by state media, a deputy of the IRGC Mohammad Rasoul Allah Corps of Greater Tehran, Rahim Nadali, spoke of the “high enthusiasm” among teenagers to join “intelligence and operational patrols,” saying:  

“Teenagers and youth have repeatedly come forward saying they want to take part… Given the ages of those making these requests, we have set the minimum age at 12. There are now kids aged 12-13 who want to be present in this space.” 

How EU proposals to “simplify” tech laws will roll back our rights in order to feed AI 

Source: Amnesty International –

Last year, the European Commission launched a drive to simplify existing EU laws on artificial intelligence (AI) and data protection, arguing that this would “boost competitiveness” and “cut red tape”. In November 2025, it unveiled proposals for sweeping changes to major laws like the AI Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). 

At stake are the rules that protect us on and offline. Corporations work hard to give regulation a bad name, but regulations protect our rights from being steamrolled by states and governments. They protect our environment, our rights at work, our rights online, and so much more. 

Backed by powerful corporations, the Commission’s so-called “Digital Omnibus” threatens to weaken EU digital rules that were once seen as global benchmarks for privacy and AI. This plays on a false dichotomy between regulation and innovation, championed by Big Tech, who seek a rules-free environment that prioritizes profit at any cost. True innovation means finding ways to ensure that the benefits of new technologies are shared by society at large, and not serve only the interest of Big Tech oligarchs. 

The proposals presented under the guise of “simplification” amount to an unprecedented rollback of rights online at the EU level that protect us from corporate and state surveillance, discrimination at the hands of AI systems, and much more. 

Angola: Authorities must release arbitrarily detained activist General Nila

Source: Amnesty International –

Reacting to Angolan authorities’ continued detention of Serrote Oliviera, also known as General Nila, the leader of the National Union for Total Revolution of Angola (UNTRA), Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa’s regional office Tigere Chagutah said;.

“250 days since General Nila’s shooting and subsequent arrest and detention, Angolan authorities have failed to present credible evidence against him while repeatedly obstructing his lawyers’ access to the case file, raising serious concerns about fair trial guarantees and due process.

“His case illustrates the Angolan authorities’ escalating repression of activists, punishing and silencing dissent with impunity.

250 days since General Nila’s shooting and subsequent arrest and detention, Angolan authorities have failed to present credible evidence against him while repeatedly obstructing his lawyers’ access to the case file, raising serious concerns about fair trial guarantees and due process.

Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for ESARO

“Pending his release, Amnesty International calls on authorities to ensure full respect for General Nila’s fair trial rights, in line with international standards, including promptly providing his lawyers with full access to all documents related to his case and continued detention.”

Background

In recent years, General Nila has been a prominent voice against injustice in Angola, organizing peaceful demonstrations and advocating for the release of arbitrarily detained activists. General Nila has been detained several times during peaceful demonstrations that had been notified to the authorities.

UNTRA was among the groups that organized protests in July 2025, in response to an increase in fuel prices and transportation costs.

General Nila was shot by security forces when he stopped to film/livestream the first day of a strike in Luanda while on his way to visit a relative in hospital. Since his arrest, his case has been characterized by a lack of transparency over the legal basis for his continued detention, undermining confidence in the justice process and raising concerns about his arbitrary detention.

Lebanon: Civil complaint in France a rare opportunity to hold Israel to account over deadly strike on a civilian building  

Source: Amnesty International –

Responding to the civil complaint  filed before France’s War Crimes Unit by French-Lebanese artist and filmmaker Ali Cherri and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) regarding a November 2024 Israeli military attack on a civilian building in central Beirut which killed seven civilians, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, Heba Morayef said: 

Amnesty’s research into the attack found no evidence of a military target in the vicinity at the time of the attack and concluded the strike should be investigated as a war crime. 

Heba Morayef, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa

“Amidst a longstanding pattern of serious violations of international humanitarian law by Israeli forces in Lebanon, and as Israel once again steps up its attacks, if War Crimes Unit prosecutors open an investigation into this  complaint, this would offer a rare opportunity to examine Israel’s actions in a European court given the general impunity it usually enjoys. This case could offer some form of accountability and reparation to victims of this deadly attack. The strike on the residential building, killed at least seven civilians, destroyed several people’s homes. Amnesty’s research into the attack found no evidence of a military target in the vicinity at the time of the attack and concluded the strike should be investigated as a war crime. 

“Since October 2023, Amnesty International has documented serious and repeated violations of international humanitarian law by parties to the conflict in Lebanon, including numerous Israeli airstrikes on residential buildings that killed scores of civilians. More than a year later, none of the victims of these attacks have received justice or reparations and with the renewed intensification of hostilities, people in Lebanon are being forced again to witness their family members being killed, their homes destroyed, and their safety threatened. 

“Given Israel’s escalating attacks and longstanding impunity, states should urgently use universal or other extraterritorial jurisdiction to investigate serious violations of international humanitarian law and, where evidence permits, prosecute those responsible for war crimes in national courts.  

The Lebanese government should cooperate with the proceedings and take other measures to seek accountability for Israeli’s serious violations of international humanitarian law in Lebanon, including by accepting the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction, to ensure credible investigations and meaningful redress for victims.” 

Cambodia: Casinos get state approval despite links to human rights abuse at scamming compounds

Source: Amnesty International –

  • Regulators rubber-stamped casinos this year despite evidence of slavery and torture
  • Survivors describe being trafficked to casino complexes and forced to scam
  • Casinos linked to scamming compounds owned by major Cambodian companies

A new investigation by Amnesty International shows that a dozen casinos in Cambodia are directly linked to scamming compounds where torture, forced labour, child labour and human trafficking have taken place.

Analysis of official licensing documents issued by Cambodia’s Commercial Gambling Management Commission (CGMC) shows that casino owners are in direct control of buildings and sites where human rights abuses have been documented in at least 12 separate locations. The findings corroborate testimony from compound survivors who described being on casino property while they were confined and abused.

The casinos’ plans were recognized by the CGMC in December and January – during the country’s supposed nationwide crackdown on scamming compounds. The approved businesses include three Crown casinos owned by Anco Brothers Co. Ltd., one of the most powerful companies in Cambodia.

“This research establishes a clear link between Cambodia’s licensed casinos and its scamming compounds. At a time when the government says it is dismantling the scamming industry, the evidence shows it is simultaneously recognizing the plans for casino properties where abusive scamming compounds are run,” Amnesty International’s Co-Regional Director Montse Ferrer said.  

“This contradiction raises urgent questions about whether Cambodian regulators are legitimizing companies linked to grave abuses. The authorities must explain why casinos with documented links to trafficking and torture continue to receive official approval. Every day that these casinos remain licensed is another day in which people on casino property are at risk of human rights abuse.”

Tritium Level Far Below Japan’s Operational Limit in 19th Batch of ALPS Treated Water, IAEA Confirms

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

The tritium concentration of the 19th batch of Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS)‑treated water, which the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) began discharging today from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), is far below Japan’s operational limit and consistent with international safety standards, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed today. 

As part of its ongoing safety assessment, the IAEA conducted independent sampling of the latest batch prior to its release via a one‑kilometre tunnel into the ocean. On‑site analysis confirmed that the tritium concentration is far below Japan’s operational limit of 1,500 becquerels per litre and in line with international safety standards. 

Japan began releasing ALPS‑treated water in batches in August 2023, and since then roughly 140,500 cubic meters have been discharged. The IAEA has confirmed that the tritium levels in all first 18 batches were far below the operational limits set by Japan.

Background

In its comprehensive report issued in July 2023, the IAEA concluded that Japan’s approach to the discharge of ALPS‑treated water is consistent with relevant international safety standards and that the release, as planned and assessed, would have a negligible radiological impact on people and the environment. The IAEA continues to maintain a presence at the site and to carry out ongoing monitoring and verification activities throughout the discharge process. 

Further information, including results of independent sampling and analysis, as well as timelines and technical reports, is available on the IAEA website.

Untaxed wealth hidden offshore by richest 0.1% surpasses entire wealth of the poorest half of humanity

Source: Oxfam –

The amount of untaxed wealth hidden offshore by the richest 0.1 percent exceeds the entire wealth of the poorest half of humanity (4.1 billion people), reveals new Oxfam analysis published today ahead of the 10th anniversary of the Panama Papers. The findings show that, a decade later, the super-rich continue to exploit offshore systems to evade taxes and conceal assets, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated international action to tax extreme wealth and end the use of tax havens.

Oxfam estimates that $3.55 trillion in untaxed wealth was stashed offshore in tax havens and unreported accounts in 2024. This sum exceeds the GDP of France and is more than twice the combined GDP of the world’s 44 least developed countries.

The richest 0.1 percent holds approximately 80 percent of all untaxed offshore wealth, or around $2.84 trillion. Within this tiny group, the ultra-wealthiest 0.01 percent holds roughly half ($1.77 trillion).

“The Panama Papers pulled back the veil on a shadow world where the richest quietly move immense fortunes beyond the reach of taxes and scrutiny. Ten years on, the super-rich are still sequestering oceans of wealth in offshore vaults,” said Christian Hallum, Oxfam International’s Tax Lead.

“This isn’t just about clever accounting —it’s about power and impunity. When millionaires and billionaires stash trillions of dollars in offshore tax havens, they place themselves above the obligations that bind the rest of society. The consequences are as predictable as they are devastating: we see our public hospitals and schools starved of funds, our social fabric shredded by rising inequality, and ordinary people forced to shoulder the costs of a system rigged to enrich a tiny few.”

While progress has been made in reducing untaxed offshore wealth, it remains stubbornly high at approximately 3.2 percent of global GDP. Progress also remains highly uneven: most countries in the Global South are excluded from the Automatic Exchange of Information system (AEOI) despite their urgent need for tax revenue. The AEOI is credited with reducing the share of untaxed offshore wealth in recent years.

Oxfam calls on governments to:
 

  • Strengthen inclusive global cooperation to tax the super-rich and end tax havens under the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation, while supporting complementary regional and international initiatives.
  • Strengthen tax authorities and financial transparency, giving governments the tools to identify and track the wealth of the richest individuals, including through a global asset register.
  • Ensure the richest 1 percent pay significantly higher effective tax rates on income from both labor and capital, with even higher rates for multimillionaires and billionaires.
  • Introduce taxes on extreme wealth, particularly targeting the richest 1 percent, at levels sufficient to reduce inequality.
     

Wealth largely absent from IMF tax guidance, benefiting the rich

Source: Oxfam –

Only 3 percent of the more than 1,000 tax recommendations made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to governments in recent years focus on taxing wealth and income from wealth, new analysis by Oxfam reveals ahead of the IMF and World Bank Spring Meetings in Washington, D.C.

Oxfam examined the IMF’s tax advice to 125 countries between 2022 and 2024. Despite the rapid growth of extreme wealth ―billionaire wealth has surged by 81 percent since 2020― just 30 of 1,049 tax recommendations focus on net wealth taxes and the taxation of income from wealth, namely capital gains.

“As billionaire fortunes grow at extraordinary speed, the IMF’s silence on taxing extreme wealth is increasingly untenable,” said Kate Donald, Head of Oxfam International’s Washington DC Office. “The Fund is reinforcing a system in which ordinary people —already strangled by rising prices— are forced to shoulder the brunt of taxes. Meanwhile, vast concentrations of obscene wealth remain largely untaxed. Serious fiscal reform should start with those most able to contribute.”

Oxfam’s analysis exposes two striking discrepancies in IMF guidance depending on a country’s income level.

First, 52 percent of tax advice to high-income countries was progressive, while 59 percent of tax advice to low- and lower-middle-income countries was regressive. A progressive tax system ensures those who have higher income and more wealth pay proportionally more taxes than those who have less. Progressive tax measures like net wealth and capital gains taxes were rarely recommended, and when they were, advice was concentrated in high-income contexts. 

  • IMF tax advice to Canada and the United States was overwhelmingly progressive, while advice to South Asia was by far the most regressive, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. India received the highest number of regressive recommendations.
  • In the past 25 years, the gap between the richest 1 percent and the poorest 50 percent has grown in twice as many low- and middle-income countries that received mostly regressive IMF tax advice (25 percent) than in those that received mostly progressive advice (11 percent).

Second, while the IMF publicly acknowledges that tax policy is a critical tool for addressing inequality, it links its tax advice to inequality far more often for high-income countries (34 percent) than low- and lower-middle-income countries (8 percent). Nearly 90 percent of low- and lower-middle-income countries have medium or high inequality. 

  • Chile, with one of the highest levels of income inequality, was advised to raise tax rates on low- and middle-income brackets while leaving rates on top income brackets untouched.
  • Nigeria, where nearly one-third of the population lives in poverty —the highest rate in Africa—was advised to increase value-added taxes, which disproportionately affect the poor.
  • Hungary was advised against implementing a windfall profit tax on energy companies, even though the IMF had publicly supported such taxes and the EU had agreed to implement them across member states.

“The IMF is operating with a troubling double standard that calls into question the evenhandedness it holds as a core principle. It offers mostly progressive tax advice to rich countries, yet its guidance for the rest of the world remains largely regressive. The Fund must provide equally progressive tax advice to all members —or admit its commitment to tackling inequality is merely rhetorical,” said Donald.

Oxfam’s analysis also found that 10 percent of the IMF’s recommended tax reforms address gender inequality, and most of these references amount to just a few sentences. Overall, more than 90 percent of all IMF tax guidance focuses on tweaking existing measures.

In the context of the unlawful attacks on Iran by Israel and the United States, and Iran’s response, tax policy remains a critical tool for mitigating the impact of surging energy prices, which drive up costs for transport, food, and basic commodities, disproportionately affecting lower-income households. A windfall profits tax on energy corporations, which are poised to earn substantially higher profits, should be systematically included in IMF tax guidance. Oxfam estimates that 45 energy corporations made on average $237 billion a year in windfall profits in 2021 and 2022.  

Oxfam urges the IMF to seize the opportunity presented by its ongoing comprehensive review to fundamentally reform how tax policy is integrated into its economic surveillance. Specifically, the IMF must:
 

  • Systematically place inequality at the heart of all fiscal advice, defaulting to revenue-raising policies that enhance the progressivity of national tax systems. Discourage over-reliance on consumption taxes and other regressive measures that disproportionately burden low-income households.
  • Conduct and publish rigorous distributional impact assessments of all tax and fiscal advice included in Article IV reports to ensure recommendations do not exacerbate inequality.
  • Significantly broaden recommendations for taxing high-net-worth individuals and wealth, while actively supporting measures to curb corporate tax avoidance and harmful competition.
  • Develop a centralized, user-friendly database to track and publicize the tax advice provided in Article IV reports.
     

Syrian President al-Sharaa on Iran war: ‘Syria will remain outside this conflict’

Source: Chatham House –

Syrian President al-Sharaa on Iran war: ‘Syria will remain outside this conflict’
News release
jon.wallace

In his first UK public event, President al-Sharaa urged negotiations to resolve the US-Israeli war on Iran – and discussed elections, reconstruction and foreign policy.

Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa visited Chatham House on 31 March for a conversation with Director and Chief Executive Bronwen Maddox – his first public event in the United Kingdom. The two discussed Syria’s reconstruction, its foreign policy, and its position on the Iran war, before the president took questions from the audience.

Asked by Maddox about his government’s position on Iran and the war with the US and Israel, President al-Sharaa said that:

‘There is no doubt that Iran… was at the forefront of the conflict led by the [former] regime against the Syrian people. However, after we reached Damascus, we did not have an issue with Iran in Tehran; rather, our problem was with Iran in Damascus, because it was occupying Syrian villages and towns, displacing people, and so on.’   

‘We have held back from opening relations with Iran up to this point. Certainly, the war currently under way is negatively affecting the region by disrupting energy and fuel supplies, which in turn affects the global economy… What we had been advising was that they should look for a negotiated solution, rather than resorting to military force, because that carries major risks.’ 

Asked by Maddox if Syria would remain neutral in the war, he replied:

‘Certainly, unless Syria is subjected to direct attacks by any party, it will remain outside this conflict. 14 years of war are enough for Syria, during which we have paid a very heavy price, and we are not prepared to go through a new experience. Those who have gone through the hardship of war know the value of peace…’ 

Asked if his government was helping to prevent weapons being transported to Hezbollah in Lebanon, President al-Sharaa said: 

‘We, too, have paid the price for Hezbollah’s intervention in Syria over the past 14 years. Hezbollah was also an active partner with the [former] regime in the killing of the Syrian people.

‘Nevertheless, after we reached Damascus, we tried to adopt policies that would not harm the situation in Lebanon. We were keen that the conflict should not extend into Lebanon, while at a minimum protecting our borders. Protecting the borders requires that those responsible for securing them prevent the entry of weapons and cases of smuggling.’ 

Addressing relations with Israel, he said:

Portrait of President al-Sharaa taken at Chatham House by Ander McIntyre 

‘We tried through dialogue and discussion. Indirect negotiations began and then moved to direct negotiations. We reached good points, but at the last moments we always find a shift in the Israeli position.’

Maddox also pressed al-Sharaa on his 2025 promise to hold elections within five years: ‘Are you still on track for that?’ she asked.

‘Certainly, Syria has taken initial steps. We held a national dialogue conference that produced recommendations. After that, we issued a constitutional declaration which stipulated that the first term would be five years as a temporary measure.

‘During this period, we also conducted elections for the People’s Assembly, whose first session will begin next month.

‘Of course, after five years, there will be further steps, as we have reviewed the laws and laid the groundwork for holding free elections in Syria.’  

Watch the event in full.

Landmark e-waste policy brief exposes toxic dumping in Kenya and Ghana – PR

Source: Greenpeace Statement –

Kenya imports approximately 70% of its electronic equipment, much of which arrives near the end of its useful life.

NAIROBI, Kenya — Waste-pickers in Kenya are paying a heavy price for an escalating e-waste crisis in Kenya.  Exposure to toxic chemicals released during unsafe handling of electronic waste, including open burning, acid leaching, and manual disassembly, has left 61% of waste pickers in Nairobi’s Korogocho settlement reporting health problems,  with nearly half suffering respiratory illness, and more than a third reporting skin infections. 

Kenya imports approximately 70% of its electronic equipment, much of which arrives near the end of its useful life. 

Speaking during the launch of a landmark policy brief and factsheet on the escalating e-waste crisis devastating communities in Kenya and Ghana, the environmental organisation warned that toxic electronic waste, often disguised as donations or recycling, is putting lives, livelihoods, and ecosystems at risk.

Hellen Kahaso Dena, Pan-African Plastics Project Lead at Greenpeace Africa, said:

“What we are witnessing is waste colonialism in action: wealthy countries offloading toxic burdens onto African communities under the guise of development and charity.  When only about 1% of e-waste is formally recycled,  the remainder is handled in informal settings where waste pickers, many of whom are from vulnerable groups, are exposed to dangerous substances such as lead, cadmium, and carcinogenic fumes of burning electronics.

Kenya generates approximately 51,000 metric tonnes of electronic waste annually, making e-waste the country’s fastest-growing waste stream,  yet only 1% is formally recycled. 

Surveys conducted in Nairobi’s Korogocho informal settlement paint a harrowing picture of the health toll on waste workers: 61% of respondents reported health issues from handling e-waste, with 47.2% reporting respiratory complications and 35.3% reporting skin damage or infections. Children as young as six years old are involved in sorting and burning e-waste to extract metals such as copper, silver, and aluminium, exposing them to carcinogenic fumes from toxins including lead, cadmium, beryllium, and furans.

These are not abstract numbers. Behind every statistic is a mother, a child, a young man trying to earn a living by picking through the world’s discarded electronics with his bare hands. That is the human cost of our collective failure to manage this crisis. Kahaso added, commenting on the scale of the health emergency facing informal workers.

On the need for bold government action, Kahaso said:

“Kenya and Ghana cannot continue to absorb the world’s discarded electronics while receiving none of the benefits. We are calling on both governments to enforce Extended Producer Responsibility regulations, formalise and protect informal waste workers, and work with customs to stop illegal e-waste shipments at the border. The solutions exist. What is missing is the political will.”

The launch, held at Alliance Française in Nairobi on the United Nations International Day of Zero Waste, brought together policymakers, civil society actors, researchers, and community representatives to confront what the organisation describes as a deepening crisis of waste colonialism – the systematic dumping of toxic electronic waste from wealthy nations onto African soil under the guise of donations or technological transfers.

The event also featured an immersive photojournalism exhibition by Kenyan photojournalist Edwin Nyamasyo, whose powerful images capture the human and environmental scale of the waste crisis as experienced by communities on the frontlines in Kenya and Ghana.

These images are not easy to look at, but they are far harder to live with. My work is to make sure no one can say they did not know,” said Edwin.

Meanwhile, Ghana’s Agbogbloshie site, the world’s largest electronic waste dump, continues to receive hundreds of thousands of tonnes of e-waste, predominantly from Western Europe and the United States.

The crisis was significantly worsened following China’s 2017 ban on foreign waste imports, which redirected enormous quantities of plastic, textile, and electronic waste toward Africa. Much of this waste is mislabelled and shipped in violation of the Basel and Bamako Conventions, international agreements designed to prevent the transboundary movement of hazardous waste into Africa.

The policy brief sets out concrete recommendations to both the Kenyan and Ghanaian governments, including:

  • Strengthen policy and enforcement – Full implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations, ensuring compliance by all electronics producers and importers, with incentives for eco-design and sustainable product life extension.
  • End waste colonialism  – Enforce the Basel and Bamako Conventions; require that all shipped used electronics be functional and destined for reuse, with any requiring hazardous processing handled in the exporting country.
  • Formalise and protect waste workers –  Recognise informal collectors as legitimate economic actors; provide safety training, personal protective equipment (PPE), and certification; establish fair buy-back and franchising models linking informal collectors with licensed recyclers.
  • Embed circular economy principles – Launch incentives for domestic repair and recycling businesses; promote “design-for-repair” standards; invest in vocational training for electronics refurbishment.
  • Expand collection infrastructure –  Establish accessible e-waste drop-off points in urban and rural areas; use digital platforms to coordinate pickups and track disposal flows.
  • Drive consumer awareness and behaviour change –  Run nationwide campaigns on safe e-waste disposal, data security in recycling, and environmental risks, with incentives for consumers to return old devices.

ENDS.


About the Exhibition

The photo exhibition by Edwin Nyamasyo offers an unflinching visual account of the waste crisis across Kenya, documenting the communities, landscapes, and livelihoods affected by decades of unchecked waste. The exhibition runs alongside the launch event at Alliance Française, Nairobi.

About Greenpeace Africa

Greenpeace Africa is an independent environmental organisation that campaigns for a green and peaceful future across the African continent. The organisation exposes environmental injustice, challenges destructive practices, and advances solutions that protect people and the planet.

For media enquiries, interviews, or accreditation, please contact:

Ferdinand Omondi Communications Lead, Greenpeace Africa 📧  [email protected]  📞 +254 722 505 233 

Greenpeace Africa Pressdesk: [email protected]