Category: IAEA

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Update 344 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) relied solely on its recently repaired backup power line for several hours earlier this month, following scheduled maintenance that required the intentional disconnection of its main power line for several hours. The backup power line had only just been restored the previous day, further emphasizing the continued fragility of nuclear safety conditions amid the conflict, IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said today.

According to the IAEA team based at the ZNPP, the plant’s main power connection was temporarily suspended on 6 March to perform essential maintenance work. During this period, the 330 kV Ferosplavna-1 backup line – successfully restored on 5 March 2026 under a fifth local ceasefire negotiated by the IAEA – maintained a stable supply of off-site power to the ZNPP. 

“The ZNPP’s fragility in the face of limited off-site power options is putting constraints on electrical maintenance. It is another indication of the critical importance of robust, diverse and dependable off-site power infrastructure to ensure nuclear safety and security at the ZNPP,” Director General Grossi said.

Separately, during the past two weeks, the IAEA team at the ZNPP held a meeting regarding the plant’s updated organizational structure introduced in 2025. They discussed the updated reporting lines, responsibilities and the departments that were merged. 

The team also observed the testing of an emergency diesel generator (EDG) at Unit 3. EDGs provide essential backup power support in case a nuclear power plant (NPP) was to lose access to all off-site electricity, something which has happened twelve times at the ZNPP since the start of the conflict. The team also engaged in discussions focusing on the 2026 maintenance plan and fire protection systems and observed a partial evacuation drill involving personnel in the administrative building.

The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) informed the IAEA that during the night of 11-12 March, attacks targeting and destroying an electrical substation close to the subcritical Neutron Source Installation at the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) resulted in its disconnection from the electrical grid until 13 March. During this outage, the facility relied on EDGs.

Elsewhere in Ukraine, the IAEA team at the Chornobyl NPP reported that on 14 March, the site was disconnected from its 750 kV Kyivska transmission line for nearly 24 hours. The SNRIU informed the IAEA that the cause of the disconnection was an attack targeting an electrical substation essential to nuclear safety and security. Although off-site power to the plant was not lost, this disconnection and subsequent fluctuations in the electrical grid automatically activated the EDGs supplying the New Safe Confinement and Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility 1. The generators were manually switched off after 15 minutes.

“These episodes underscore how grid instability and the vulnerability of off-site power is affecting nuclear safety and security at Ukraine’s nuclear facilities,” Director General Grossi said.

Additionally, the IAEA team at the South Ukraine NPP reported that a drone was detected one kilometre from the site on 18 March, following sightings of two drones, detected approximately five kilometres from the site during the night of 6 to 7 March 2026. 

Over the past two weeks, the Agency has continued with deliveries under its comprehensive programme of assistance to Ukraine in nuclear safety and security. Helmets and body armour have been delivered to the KIPT National Science Center, enhancing personal protection measures at the site. Beds and mattresses were provided to the Chornobyl NPP to improve staff living conditions under the medical assistance initiative. A high precision electrometer for radiation dosimetry was delivered to the National Scientific Center “Institute of Metrology” and telemechanic cabinets were delivered to the Joint Stock Company “Mykolaivoblenergo”.

Within the framework of the IAEA Support and Assistance Mission to the Kherson Oblast (ISAMKO), advanced IT and laboratory equipment was provided to the Odesa Regional State Laboratory and two state-of-the-art gas chromatographs have been supplied to the Vinnytsia Regional State Laboratory and the Ternopil Regional State Laboratory.

The deliveries were supported with funding from Italy, Japan, Norway, and the United Kingdom.

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Media invited to IAEA International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Nuclear and Radioactive Material, 23–27 March 2026

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will host the International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Nuclear and Radioactive Material from 23 to 27 March 2026 at its headquarters in Vienna, Austria.

The conference will bring together nearly 500 experts and decision makers to discuss developments, challenges and opportunities related to the safe and secure transport of nuclear and other radioactive material.

Millions of shipments of nuclear and other radioactive material are transported each year around the world. Safe and secure transport is indispensable for the continued use of nuclear technologies in supporting essential sectors such as medical care, low carbon energy, waste reprocessing, agriculture, education, and industry. A robust international framework, backed by consistent safety and security practices and regional cooperation, have played a crucial role in ensuring that, over the past 60 years, no significant radiological hazards have resulted from transport-related incidents.

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi will open the Conference at 10:00 CET on 23 March. 

Further details, such as room locations, speaker line-up and the comprehensive programme, can be found online.

Media access

Media are invited to attend the open sessions of the conference, aside from technical sessions on transport security and a scenario based policy discussion which are closed meetings. 

A side event on the IAEA’s Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB) – open to media – will take place on Monday, 23 March at 13:00 in room M3, M Building, First Floor. 

A live video stream of panel and technical sessions held in the M Plenary and M2 meeting rooms will be available. The IAEA will make photos available on Flickr.  

For those interested in interviewing speakers, please send detailed requests to the IAEA Press Office.

The conference programme can be accessed here.

Accreditation

All journalists interested in covering the meeting in person — including those with permanent accreditation — are requested to inform the IAEA Press Office of their plans. 

Journalists without permanent accreditation must send copies of their passport and press ID to the IAEA Press Office by 07:00 CET on Monday, 23 March. 

We encourage those journalists who do not yet have permanent accreditation to request it at UNIS Vienna. 

Please plan your arrival to allow sufficient time to pass through the VIC security check. 

To keep abreast of the IAEA’s latest developments, follow the IAEA on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, X and Weibo.

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How Is Radioactive Material Transported Safely and Securely?

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

Anna Chtorkh, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication

(Graphic: M.Magnaye/IAEA).

Every year, millions of shipments of radioactive material are transported by land, air and sea. These materials are crucial for medicine, industry, research, agriculture and energy production. Because radioactive material can be hazardous to people and the environment if not properly handled, its transport requires careful planning in compliance with international safety standards and security measures. 

Why Transport Radioactive Material?

Radioactive material supports many activities that improve lives around the world. Only a limited number of specialized facilities produce these materials, so safe and secure transport is essential to make their use possible anywhere they are needed. 

  • In medicine, various radioisotopes are used to diagnose and treat cancers, heart disease and bone disorders, to provide radiotherapy and to sterilize medical instruments. Regular transport of these radioactive materials to medical facilities makes up the majority of all radioactive material shipments worldwide and is essential for global healthcare.  
  • The progress of scientific research relies on the delivery of radioactive material to universities, laboratories and research institutions. Short-lived radionuclides are vital for experiments in physics, biology and environmental sciences, while gamma sources are used to study the effects of radiation on cells, tissues and industrial materials and for preserving cultural artefacts.  
  • In industrial sectors such as construction, energy, mining and manufacturing, radioactive material is essential for non-destructive testing and examination of pipelines, machinery and structural elements. 
  • Some high‑tech industries such as electronics and engineering need to transport naturally radioactive raw materials to extract useful non‑radioactive metals from them, such as titanium, niobium, tantalum and rare earth elements. 
  • For nuclear power plants to produce reliable low-carbon energy, uranium, plutonium and other radioactive materials are transported at different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, from production to spent fuel management. Waste and decommissioned components from nuclear facilities also require transport to specialized recycling and disposal facilities. 
  • Radioisotopes are transported for use in agriculture and food safety. They are used to help improve crop yields, optimize fertilizer use and irradiate food to eliminate harmful bacteria. 

Whatever the area of application, radioactive material is transported with the strict application of safety and security measures to ensure that people and the environment are protected from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and to prevent accidents and malicious acts.

How Is Radioactive Material Transported?

What modes of transport are used for radioactive material? 

Radioactive material can be dispatched by land, water or air, depending on the availability and urgency of delivery. For each mode of transport, specific handling and containment conditions apply.  

On land, conveyances carry packages categorized by the type of radioactive material being transported.  Maritime transport is used for large international shipments, with packages securely stowed on vessels in line with maritime safety rules. Air transport is often chosen for time-sensitive deliveries, such as medical isotopes. 

Who is involved in radioactive material transport?  

Shipments of radioactive material involve close cooperation among many actors.

Consignors, carriers and consignees ensure that security arrangements for the shipment are in place to prevent unauthorized access to the radioactive material during transport. Together, these actors ensure radioactive material is transported safely and securely.

(Graphic: M. Magnaye/IAEA).

What Rules Regulate the Transport of Radioactive Material?

The transport of radioactive material follows a set of international rules that applies to all modes of transport by road, rail, sea or air. These rules define how materials must be packaged, labelled, handled and documented to protect people and the environment. 

The regulations set clear requirements for:  

  • containment to prevent leakage and contamination, 
  • shielding to limit radiation doses to transport workers and the public, 
  • resistance to heat generated by the radioactive material itself or external factors, and 
  • prevention of any nuclear chain reaction in fissile materials during transport. 

These regulations also establish requirements for package design and testing; safety measures for loading, securing and safely spacing packages during transport; as well as training and emergency preparedness for those involved. 

National authorities incorporate these global safety principles into their own laws so that wherever a shipment travels, it follows the same high standards. This consistent approach ensures that radioactive material can be transported safely and securely across borders and between different modes of transport. 

How is Safety Ensured During Shipment?

By meeting the highest standards at every step of transport operations, countries help ensure that these vital materials reach their destination safely and securely. These operations and controls include proper handling, segregation, stowage and radiation monitoring throughout loading, carriage and unloading activities.

(Photo credits: IAEA).

Safe Packaging for the Transport of Radioactive Material 

Packaging plays a central role in the safe transport of radioactive material. It is designed and rigorously tested to limit radiation exposure and prevent any release of radioactive material under normal conditions or, for some types, due to accidents such as drops, fire or immersion in water. 

Packaging design varies according to the radioactivity and type of contents, following a graded approach: stronger protection is used when the potential hazard is higher.

Package types for radioactive materials

Excepted packages are used for very small amounts of radioactive material that pose minimal risk during transport. They use safe packaging, but because the radiation levels are very low, they are exempt from some of the more detailed labelling and documentation rules that apply to higher-risk shipments. 

Examples of material transported in excepted packages: laboratory instruments, small laboratory samples, smoke detectors, small calibration sources, small sealed sources.

Industrial packages are designed to ensure appropriate levels of safety to transport low specific activity (LSA) material and surface contaminated objects (SCOs).  

LSA material is radioactive material that by its nature has low activity per unit mass: the radioactive material is distributed throughout a substance to such an extent that it poses little hazard.  

An SCO is a solid object which is not radioactive by itself but has a contaminated surface. 

Examples of material transported in industrial packages: uranium ore concentrate (yellowcake), radioactive waste.  

Type A packages are designed to safely transport radioactive material with limited radiological risk. They are engineered to ensure containment and shielding of the contents under normal transport conditions, including minor mishaps. 

Example of material transported in Type A packages: radiopharmaceuticals used in medical imaging, fresh nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants.

Type B packages are designed for the transport of higher-activity radioactive material. They are engineered to withstand severe accident conditions while ensuring safety.

Examples of material transported in Type B packages: spent nuclear fuel from nuclear reactors transported to long-term storage or reprocessing facilities, radiography gamma-ray cameras. 

Type C packages are specifically designed for air transport of very high-activity radioactive material that could cause serious radiation exposure if released in an accident. Type C packages provide the highest level of protection against accidents.

Example of material transported in Type C packages: high-activity materials (including plutonium) for medical, industrial and research applications.

Some materials, like uranium hexafluoride or fissile material (such as uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-239 and plutonium-241), require additional safety features because of their chemical properties (for example, if the material is also flammable or corrosive) or increased criticality risks. Unlike most radioactive materials, certain fissile materials can become critical and sustain a nuclear chain reaction if they are present in the wrong amount or configuration. Because of this increased chain reaction risk, additional precautions through design and operational control are required to ensure that such conditions cannot occur during transport.  

Read more about uranium here.

How is the Security of Radioactive Material Ensured During Transport?

While safety measures focus on preventing accidents and radiation exposure, security measures during transport protect radioactive material against unauthorized access and malicious acts such as theft or sabotage. 

Transport security arrangements also follow a graded approach: they are based on the level of risk and take into account the quantity and physical and chemical properties of the radioactive material, its packaging and the mode of transport. Security measures aim to detect potential threats in a timely manner, to hinder malicious acts by creating obstacles, and to prepare security officers to respond effectively to neutralize the threat and mitigate the damage. 

Security arrangements may include route planning, secure storage during stops, background checks for personnel, communication protocols and real-time tracking of shipments. Security also relies on cooperation among transport operators, national authorities and border agencies. Security measures work alongside safety measures to ensure that radioactive material is protected at all times during transport. 

(Graphic: M. Magnaye/IAEA).

What if Something Goes Wrong During the Transport of Radioactive Material?

Although accidents involving the transport of radioactive material are very rare, emergency preparedness and response are crucial. Measures are in place so that, even in an unexpected situation, people and the environment remain protected. 

Being prepared 

Before any shipment of radioactive material is transported, emergency plans are developed based on the level of risk. These plans follow a graded approach, meaning that the level of preparation matches the potential hazard. Consignors and carriers must have emergency arrangements in place, and regular training, drills and exercises are carried out to make sure that everyone involved knows what to do in case of an incident. 

Working together 

Effective emergency response depends on coordination. Consignors, carriers, local response services and national authorities work together in clearly defined roles under national emergency arrangements. Communication and decision-making follow an organized system so that actions are carried out quickly and safely across different regions and transport modes. 

 Responding to an incident  

If an incident occurs during the transport of radioactive material, the emergency response focuses on taking quick action to protect people and the environment. The first step is to manage any radiological hazards by checking radiation levels, preventing the spread of contamination and securing damaged packages. Response actions are based on clear indicators, such as increased radiation levels or visible package damage. Trained radiation specialists are available as part of emergency arrangements to provide guidance and support the safe and secure recovery of the material. 

Strong IAEA safety standards and security guidance plus effective international cooperation enable radioactive material to be transported worldwide to support medicine, research, industry and energy — while keeping people and the environment safe. 

What is the role of the IAEA?

  • The IAEA develops and updates safety standards and nuclear security guidance and helps countries design and implement a robust national nuclear safety and security regime for the transport of radioactive material.  
  • Since 1961, the IAEA has established and maintains Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material. These regulations have been adopted globally, applicable to all modes of transport. 
  • The IAEA provides countries, institutional and industrial stakeholders and the general public with information and a platform for discussion on issues related to radioactive material transport, for example at the International Conference on the Safe and Secure Transport of Nuclear and Radioactive Material in March 2026. 
  • The IAEA provides courses and training on safe and secure transport of radioactive material on its e-learning platform.  
  • The IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre is the global focal point for international emergency preparedness, communication and response to nuclear and radiological incidents and emergencies.  
  • The IAEA assists in resolving transport challenges, including cases where shipment of radioactive material is delayed or denied due to regulatory complexity, radiation concerns, knowledge gaps, societal pressures or logistical constraints. 
  • The IAEA promotes cooperation and regulatory harmonization, provides training and builds national capacity. The IAEA also maintains an updated list of National Focal Points and Competent Authorities. 

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IAEA Mission Finds Poland Committed to Safe Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel, in Line with Plans for Nuclear Power Development

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts found that Poland is making progress in safely managing its radioactive waste and spent fuel management activities, an essential part of its plans to develop nuclear energy. The experts highlighted Poland’s commitment to a solid national strategy, while noting that further progress will be needed to fully implement its National Plan.

The Integrated Review Service for Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management, Decommissioning and Remediation (ARTEMIS) mission reviewed Poland’s national programme for radioactive waste management, based upon the IAEA safety standards and technical guidance, as well as international good practices. The ten-day mission was held from 8 to 17 March in Warsaw at the request of the Government of Poland.

Hosted by the Polish Ministry of Energy, the mission comprised five external experts in the safe management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel from Canada, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden, as well as IAEA staff members. 

Poland uses nuclear and radiation technologies across energy, medicine, industry and research sectors. Its nuclear facilities include the MARIA research reactor and the decommissioned EWA research reactor. Spent fuel is stored in dedicated facilities located in Świerk. Since the early 1960s, Poland has operated the National Radioactive Waste Repository in the town of Różan, managed by the Radioactive Waste Management Plant (ZUOP). 

The Polish Government approved plans for a nuclear power programme in 2014, aiming to boost energy security and reduce coal dependency as part of its Energy Policy to 2040. In the last update of the programme, Poland indicates that the first nuclear power plant operation, featuring three Westinghouse AP1000 reactors, is expected in 2036. In 2023, Poland announced plans to develop a new repository for short-lived low and intermediate level waste from the nuclear power programme as well as future institutional waste and retrieved historical waste from storage at Różan.

The ARTEMIS Review Team concludes that many aspects relevant to the safe management of radioactive waste and spent fuel in Poland are in place. At the same time, the experts encouraged the Polish Government to strengthen the practical aspects of implementing this strategy including through clear objectives for planning, ensuring adequate resources, and introducing practical milestones and performance indicators to measure progress and maintain accountability. The ARTEMIS team concluded that these improvements would help Poland address both current and future challenges in radioactive waste management while ensuring the safety of the population and environment. 

Michael Egan, from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority and team leader for the ARTEMIS mission, complimented the engagement of the Polish authorities. “We hope that our findings, based on information provided through the open and constructive engagement of key actors, will assist Poland to address both current and future challenges in this area,” Egan added. 

In its findings, the ARTEMIS team made several recommendations and suggestions, including:

  • In the next update of the National Plan, the Government should consider presenting a reference collection of assumptions for planning, resourcing and cost estimation relating to radioactive waste and spent fuel management. 
  • The Government should specify a clear timeframe for deciding whether to introduce very low level waste (waste suitable for disposal in near-surface landfill facilities under limited regulatory oversight) as an additional class of radioactive waste. 
  • ZUOP should consider further developing the roadmap for establishment of the new near surface disposal facility intended to accommodate operational radioactive waste from nuclear power, to include account for wider aspects such as human resources and competencies. 
  • By engaging with all relevant actors in relation to the siting process for the new near surface disposal facility, the Government should demonstrate that the development remains in accordance with milestones in the National Plan.

In her closing remarks, IAEA Deputy Director General Karine Herviou, Head of the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security, said “Poland continues to set the pace in Europe for safe radioactive waste management, leading the way as the first EU Member State to host and now repeat an ARTEMIS peer review—clear proof of unwavering commitment to safety and trust in independent, international assessment.”

Konrad Wojnarowski, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Environment of Poland stated that “Poland attaches great importance to maintaining the highest standards of safety, transparency and responsibility in the management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and such international peer review missions play an essential role in strengthening national systems and ensuring alignment with internationally recognized safety standards.”

The final report of the ARTEMIS mission will be provided to the Polish authorities within three months.

About ARTEMIS

ARTEMIS is an integrated expert review service for radioactive waste and spent fuel management, decommissioning and remediation programmes. This service is intended for facility operators and organizations responsible for radioactive waste management, as well as for regulators, national policy makers and other decision makers.

The IAEA Safety Standards provide a robust framework of fundamental principles, requirements and guidance to ensure safety. They reflect an international consensus and serve as a global reference for protecting people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Additional IAEA documents such as Nuclear Energy Series publications can be included in the review basis. They include practical examples to be used by owners and operators of utilities, implementing organizations, academia and government officials in Member States, among others.

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Global Leaders Affirm Central Role for Nuclear at 2026 Nuclear Energy Summit

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

World leaders, government ministers and heads of industry, international organizations and international financial institutions gathered in Paris this week for the 2026 Nuclear Energy Summit, underscoring the central role that nuclear power plays in providing clean, reliable, affordable and secure energy at a time of rising electricity demand and geopolitical tension.

Jeffrey Donovan, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy

Heads of State and Government, leaders of international organizations and financial institutions, industry representatives, and experts at the Nuclear Energy Summit, held in Paris, France, on 10 March 2026, discussing the role of civil nuclear energy in addressing major energy and climate challenges. (Photo: D. Calma/IAEA).

At the conclusion of the 10 March summit, hosted  by the Government of France in cooperation with the IAEA,  two  statements were issued that reaffirmed a commitment to expanding nuclear energy as part of the global transition to low carbon energy systems and called for stronger international cooperation and increased access to financing. After the Nuclear Energy Summit held in Brussels in March 2024, state representatives highlighted the continued momentum behind nuclear energy amid rising global electricity demand.

“Nuclear power is key to reconciling both independence, and thus energy sovereignty, with decarbonization, and thus carbon neutrality,” French President Emmanuel Macron, said in his opening remarks. “We must mobilize much greater public and private financing to enable the development of new nuclear projects. Banks, insurers and international financial institutions must fully play their role if we want to accelerate the deployment of this energy that is essential for our energy security and for the fight against climate change,” President Macron added.

With countries around the world facing energy, climate and security challenges, IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said nuclear energy is now widely recognized as an essential part of the solution. “All the conditions are now pointing in the direction of fully integrating nuclear energy into the global energy mix,” Mr Grossi said. “The momentum we are seeing today is the result of a growing recognition that reliable, low-carbon electricity will be essential to meet the world’s rising energy demand.”

Thirty-one countries currently operate nuclear power plants, which provide around 10% of the world’s electricity, equivalent to about a quarter of all low-carbon power. Dozens of so-called newcomer countries are exploring or already embarking on the introduction of nuclear power. Leaders at the summit emphasized that expanding nuclear power will require coordinated international action, strong regulatory frameworks and sustained investment.

In recent years, nuclear energy has experienced a global shift in perceptions and policies, with both public opinion polls and governments increasingly embracing a technology many previously opposed. In 2023, nuclear energy was included for the first time in the Global Stocktake of the United Nations Climate Change conference, where more than 20 countries also pledged to triple nuclear capacity to achieve climate goals by 2050. Nearly 40 countries in total have since joined that pledge.

“The reduction in the share of nuclear was a choice — and, in hindsight, it was a strategic mistake for Europe to turn its back on a reliable, affordable source of low-emission power,” said Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, who also joined President Macron and IAEA Director General in the High Level segment of the Summit 

In an example of shifting policies, von der Leyen announced that the European Commission will present a new strategy for small modular reactors (SMRs), including efforts to align licensing rules across European Union (EU) member states to facilitate deployment. The EU will also create a 200 million euro guarantee to support private investment in advanced nuclear technologies and strengthen the European nuclear ecosystem, she added.

Greece also plans to set up a ministerial committee on the development of small nuclear ‌reactors to contribute to the country’s energy mix, the country’s Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced at the summit.

Taking place one day before the 15th anniversary of the Fukushima Daiichi accident, the Japanese representative underscored the significant changes in the country since then. Japan has now restarted 15 reactors and is now planning to refocus on the technology to achieve clean energy security and strengthen overall affordability. “Maximum use will be made of nuclear energy on the firm premise of ensuring nuclear safety,” said Ino Toshiro, Japanese State Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. “We are proceeding with the restarting of the nuclear power plants, incorporating the lessons of the Fukushima Daiichi accident.”

Some 413 nuclear power reactors amounting to more than 377 gigawatts electric of capacity currently operate globally. Sixty-nine reactors totalling more than 72 GWe, are under construction in 16 countries, according to IAEA’s Power Reactor Information System.

China currently leads the world in nuclear power construction and plans to continue scaling up the technology and driving innovation in the years to come, said Chinese Vice Prime Minister Guoqing Zhang said. “China has completed and put into operation the world’s first fourth-generation nuclear power plant, the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor demonstration plant. China’s Linglong One, the world’s first onshore small modular PWR, is expected to connect to the grid this year,” he said.

Mr Grossi highlighted progress in addressing one of the longstanding challenges facing nuclear energy: access to financing. He noted that nuclear projects had historically been excluded from many international financial institutions but said the situation is beginning to change, pointing to a landmark cooperation agreement the IAEA signed with the World Bank in Paris last year. Since then, he said, the Agency has expanded engagement with other development banks, including the Asian Development Bank and regional financial institutions, to help unlock funding for nuclear energy projects.

Newcomers from Africa to Asia stand to eventually benefit from such developments. Three newcomers—Bangladesh, Egypt and Turkiye—are in advanced stages of building their first nuclear power plants.

“Nuclear energy will be central to diversifying Rwanda’s energy mix while providing the stability required for industrial growth and long-term transformation,” said President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, which recently hosted an IAEA mission to assess the state of its nuclear infrastructure development and is one of several countries in Africa eyeing the deployment of SMRs to strengthen economic development.

Several leaders also pointed to emerging applications for nuclear energy beyond electricity, including industrial heat, hydrogen production and power for large data centres.

The United States of America, where nuclear power generates almost one fifth of electricity, is ramping up efforts to deploy advanced nuclear technologies including SMRs, with a stated goal of quadrupling nuclear capacity by mid-century. “The world cannot power its industries, meet the demands of artificial intelligence, or secure its energy future without nuclear power,” said U.S. Under Secretary of State Thomas DiNanno.

For Ethiopia, expanding access to reliable energy is central to its development ambitions, said Habtamu Itefa Geleta, Ethiopia’s Minister of Water and Energy, who called for stronger international partnerships to support peaceful nuclear programmes. 

“We choose the atom. We choose peace. We choose development,” he said.
“Together we can demonstrate that nuclear energy is not the privilege of the few, but the right of all nations committed to a prosperous future.”

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Global Leaders Convene in France for Nuclear Energy Summit

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

The Nuclear Energy Summit, hosted by France, took place today. President Macron opened the summit together with IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi, joined by global leaders and representatives of more than 60 countries.

Monika Shifotoka, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication

Heads of State and Government, leaders of international organizations and financial institutions, industry representatives, and experts at the Nuclear Energy Summit, held in Paris, France, on 10 March 2026, discussing the role of civil nuclear energy in addressing major energy and climate challenges. (Photo: D.Calma/IAEA).

Building on the inaugural Summit held in Brussels in 2024, the event comes at a time of growing global interest in how nuclear energy can support the transition to a clean energy future.  

At the opening ceremony for the summit, President Macron said, “Nuclear power is a source of progress and prosperity because it is a source of energy, particularly for electricity generation, which allows us to reconcile three objectives that are central to our ambitions: we want competitiveness, that is, energy produced at the lowest possible cost; we want to solve the planet’s problems by reducing CO2 emissions; and we want greater independence.”  

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said, “Nuclear power is not simply a nice-to-have, or a cleaner option. It is a strategic opportunity and we know it. When we speak about development, we speak about electrification, digitalization and artificial intelligence; in all these areas, we will need reliable and predictable answers. Nuclear energy is one of those answers. As the global hub of expertise across the nuclear lifecycle, the IAEA will continue supporting countries as they move to seize it.” 

Nuclear energy accounts for around 10% of global electricity production and is a key complement to renewable sources, offering dispatchable, low carbon electricity and resilience for energy systems.  

To date, 38 countries have endorsed the Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy, signalling a collective ambition to triple global nuclear energy capacity by 2050.   

More information is available in the programme.  

International Cooperation on Nuclear Energy

Throughout the day, participants will explore ways to strengthen international cooperation on nuclear energy and advance initiatives and partnerships across sectors. Discussions will focus on emerging technologies, financing solutions, innovation, safety, the development of skilled workforces and the future role of nuclear energy in national energy strategies.  

Countries with established nuclear programmes will engage with those considering new capacities, exploring how to build infrastructure, manage the fuel cycle and introduce advanced designs, including small modular reactors. 

According to the IAEA’s Power Reactor Information System (PRIS), France operated 57 nuclear reactors in 2025 with a total net capacity of 63.0 GW(e), generating an estimated 373 TWh of electricity, around two‑thirds of the country’s total power supply and the highest nuclear share of any nation. 

“We need to standardise as much as possible between countries and manufacturers – to establish standards in terms of capacity, energy producers and countries. This is key to reducing costs and delays and ensuring that nuclear power will be part of the energy transition. To this end, safety authorities must continue the work already well underway within the IAEA to harmonise safety standards,” said President Macron at the Summit.  

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi with the French President Emmanuel Macron at the Nuclear Energy Summit in Paris, France.

Innovation and Financing for Nuclear Energy

By bringing together leaders across sectors, the summit aims to foster a shared understanding of how nuclear energy can support sustainable development and future energy planning.  

Over the course of the day, participants will explore how nuclear energy contributes to stable, low carbon energy systems while upholding international commitments to safety, security and non-proliferation. They will examine technological pathways shaping the future of nuclear energy. These include extending the lifetime of existing reactors, constructing new large-scale plants, deploying small modular reactors (SMRs) and developing next generation concepts that integrate advanced safety features and digital tools. 

Financing remains a core topic. Governments and financial institutions will examine models that support nuclear deployment in both emerging and established markets, reflecting ongoing efforts to align climate finance with long term low carbon energy strategies. 

“Today, around 60 countries are considering nuclear energy. But momentum alone is not enough: nuclear must be investible. Predictable policies, robust supply chains and accessible financing are essential to reduce costs and scale up its deployment, alongside greater standardization so the industry can move toward repeatable designs,” said Mr. Grossi.  

The IAEA has expanded its cooperation with international financial institutions to help countries explore and finance nuclear power plants. These partnerships include engagement with the World Bank Group, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) , the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF), and OPEC Fund for International Development.  

For live updates from the Nuclear Energy Summit 2026 follow here and on the IAEA social media channels: Facebook, X, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Threads.    

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Global Leaders Convene in France for Second Nuclear Energy Summit

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

World leaders are meeting in Paris to strengthen cooperation on the safe and sustainable use of nuclear energy.

Monika Shifotoka, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication

Heads of State and Government, leaders of international organizations and financial institutions, industry representatives, and experts at the Second Nuclear Energy Summit, held in Paris, France, on 10 March 2026, discussing the role of civil nuclear energy in addressing major energy and climate challenges. (Photo: D.Calma/IAEA).

The Second Nuclear Energy Summit is taking place today, organized by the Government of France in cooperation with the IAEA. The event brings together leaders from governments, international organizations, financial institutions, industry and technical communities.

Building on the inaugural Summit held in Brussels in 2024, the event comes at a time of growing global interest in how nuclear energy can support the transition to a clean energy future.  

At the opening ceremony for the summit, President Macron said, “Nuclear power is a source of progress and prosperity because it is a source of energy, particularly for electricity generation, which allows us to reconcile three objectives that are central to our ambitions: we want competitiveness, that is, energy produced at the lowest possible cost; we want to solve the planet’s problems by reducing CO2 emissions; and we want greater independence.”  

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said, “Nuclear power is not simply a nice-to-have, or a cleaner option. It is a strategic opportunity and we know it. When we speak about development, we speak about electrification, digitalization and artificial intelligence; in all these areas, we will need reliable and predictable answers. Nuclear energy is one of those answers. As the global hub of expertise across the nuclear lifecycle, the IAEA will continue supporting countries as they move to seize it.” 

Nuclear energy accounts for around 10% of global electricity production and is a key complement to renewable sources, offering dispatchable, low carbon electricity and resilience for energy systems.  

To date, 38 countries have endorsed the Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy, signalling a collective ambition to triple global nuclear energy capacity by 2050.   

More information is available in the programme.  

International Cooperation on Nuclear Energy

Throughout the day, participants will explore ways to strengthen international cooperation on nuclear energy and advance initiatives and partnerships across sectors. Discussions will focus on emerging technologies, financing solutions, innovation, safety, the development of skilled workforces and the future role of nuclear energy in national energy strategies.  

Countries with established nuclear programmes will engage with those considering new capacities, exploring how to build infrastructure, manage the fuel cycle and introduce advanced designs, including small modular reactors. 

According to the IAEA’s Power Reactor Information System (PRIS), France operated 57 nuclear reactors in 2025 with a total net capacity of 63.0 GW(e), generating an estimated 373 TWh of electricity, around two‑thirds of the country’s total power supply and the highest nuclear share of any nation. 

“We need to standardise as much as possible between countries and manufacturers – to establish standards in terms of capacity, energy producers and countries. This is key to reducing costs and delays and ensuring that nuclear power will be part of the energy transition. To this end, safety authorities must continue the work already well underway within the IAEA to harmonise safety standards,” said President Macron at the Summit.  

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi with the French President Emmanuel Macron at the Second Nuclear Energy Summit in Paris, France.

Innovation and Financing for Nuclear Energy

By bringing together leaders across sectors, the summit aims to foster a shared understanding of how nuclear energy can support sustainable development and future energy planning.  

Over the course of the day, participants will explore how nuclear energy contributes to stable, low carbon energy systems while upholding international commitments to safety, security and non-proliferation. They will examine technological pathways shaping the future of nuclear energy. These include extending the lifetime of existing reactors, constructing new large-scale plants, deploying small modular reactors (SMRs) and developing next generation concepts that integrate advanced safety features and digital tools. 

Financing remains a core topic. Governments and financial institutions will examine models that support nuclear deployment in both emerging and established markets, reflecting ongoing efforts to align climate finance with long term low carbon energy strategies. 

“Today, around 60 countries are considering nuclear energy. But momentum alone is not enough: nuclear must be investible. Predictable policies, robust supply chains and accessible financing are essential to reduce costs and scale up its deployment, alongside greater standardization so the industry can move toward repeatable designs,” said Mr. Grossi.  

The IAEA has expanded its cooperation with international financial institutions to help countries explore and finance nuclear power plants. These partnerships include engagement with the World Bank Group, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) , the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF), and OPEC Fund for International Development.  

For live updates from the Nuclear Energy Summit 2026 follow here and on the IAEA social media channels: Facebook, X, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Threads.    

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IAEA Reviews Rwanda’s Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

The IAEA mission to review Rwanda’s infrastructure development for the Rwanda Nuclear Power Programme took place from 2 to 9 March 2026. (Photo: Rwanda Atomic Energy Board)

Rwanda is making progress towards adding nuclear power to its energy mix, including in developing the necessary infrastructure for a safe, secure and sustainable nuclear power programme, according to an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) review mission. The Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) mission, conducted at the request of the Government of Rwanda, took place from 2 to 9 March 2026.

An IAEA team of experts today concluded the eight-day mission to Rwanda to review its infrastructure development for the Rwanda Nuclear Power Programme. Rwanda aims to have nuclear power supply 60% to 70% of its energy mix, with medium- and long-term nuclear power generation incorporated into the national energy sector strategies and the National Land-Use Master Plan. Rwanda expects its first small modular reactor (SMR) to be operational by the early-2030s. 

The Rwanda Nuclear Power Programme is being developed under a 2020 Presidential Order that established the Rwanda Atomic Energy Board. Nuclear power is part of the Rwanda Energy Policy, which establishes the framework for the country’s draft nuclear energy policy and supports its ambitions to reduce reliance on electricity imports and fossil fuels. 

Prior to the Phase 1 INIR mission, Rwanda prepared a self-evaluation report covering all nuclear power infrastructure issues and submitted the report and supporting documents to the IAEA. The INIR team comprised four experts from Egypt, Estonia, Kenya and Pakistan, as well as six IAEA staff. 

The team identified good practices that would benefit other countries developing nuclear power in the areas of strong government commitment and coordination, proactive engagement with stakeholders, and early and comprehensive preparation for emergency preparedness and response. The team also noted the progress made in the areas of drafting a new comprehensive nuclear law, initiating work to enhance the regulatory framework for a nuclear power programme, conducting site surveys and identifying candidate sites for the planned SMR project.  

“Strong government support and the effective coordination of the preparatory work helped Rwanda make significant progress towards deciding on a nuclear power programme,” said Mehmet Ceyhan, Technical Lead of the IAEA Nuclear Infrastructure Development Section and Team Leader for the mission. “The level of preparation and involvement from all participating organizations and teams during the mission reflected a deep commitment to the programme.”

The team made recommendations and suggestions aimed at assisting Rwanda in making further progress in the development of its nuclear infrastructure and its readiness to build the first SMR project in the country. The team highlighted areas where further actions would strengthen Rwanda’s progress, including finalizing the comprehensive report to support the national decision-making to introduce nuclear power, completing the review of national legislation, and further developing and adopting policies and strategies to support the nuclear power programme.

“Rwanda remains firmly committed to the responsible, safe and transparent development of nuclear power infrastructure. The IAEA’s review provides us with invaluable guidance to ensure that our national framework aligns with international safety standards and global best practices,” said Jimmy Gasore, Minister of Infrastructure of Rwanda.

Based on the outcomes of the INIR mission, the IAEA and Rwanda will develop an integrated workplan to continue providing coordinated support in line with the future development of the country’s nuclear power programme.

About INIR Missions

INIR missions are based on the IAEA Milestones Approach, with its 19 infrastructure issues, three phases (consider, prepare and construct) and three milestones (decide, contract and operate). INIR missions enable IAEA Member State representatives to have in-depth discussions with international experts about experiences and best practices in different countries.

In developing its recommendations, the INIR team considers the comments made by the relevant national organizations. Implementation of any of the team’s recommendations and suggestions is at the discretion of the Member State requesting the mission. The results of the INIR mission are expected to help the Member State develop an action plan to fill any gaps, which in turn will help the development of the national nuclear infrastructure. INIR follow-up missions assess the implementation of the recommendations and suggestions provided during the main mission.

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Leaders to Convene at Nuclear Energy Summit in Paris, 10 March

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

Paris, France

4/2026

The second Nuclear Energy Summit will be held by the Government of the French Republic in Paris on 10 March 2026. The Summit, organized in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), will bring together Heads of State and Government, and leaders of international organizations and financial institutions, alongside industry experts. The Summit comes as global momentum continues to build behind nuclear energy. 

The Summit will open with remarks by President Emmanuel Macron, the IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi and President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, followed by statements by Heads of State and Government, at the La Seine Musicale.

Please follow IAEA social media for the livestream of the high-level segment.

In the afternoon, panel and roundtable discussions will address regional approaches to nuclear energy, conditions for financing nuclear projects, and advanced reactor technologies and innovation. The IAEA is supporting the Summit by contributing technical expertise and helping shape discussions, ensuring they reflect the latest developments in nuclear technology, safety, financing, innovation and international cooperation.

Building on the inaugural Nuclear Energy Summit in Brussels in 2024, the Summit aims to strengthen international cooperation and to promote solutions for the safe and sustainable development of civil nuclear power. In September 2025, the IAEA revised up its projections for the expansion of nuclear power for the fifth year in a row, estimating that global nuclear power capacity could more than double by 2050.

A side event on 8 March, International Women’s Day, will promote women in the nuclear industry. It will take place at Cité des Sciences in Paris and is open to the public. The French Nuclear Society and the European Nuclear Society, in partnership with the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, will host a side event on 9 March about the R&D infrastructure to support the nuclear revival. 

More information about the Summit and programme is available here.

Media Accreditation

All media representatives wishing to attend the Summit should submit their request for accreditation online.

Media Team Contacts

IAEA nuclear energy experts will be available for interviews at the Summit.

For interview requests and other media-related questions, please contact the IAEA Press Office. 

To contact the press team of President Macron, please contact the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs.

Media Resources

B-roll video footage on nuclear power is available, and high-resolution images can be found on the IAEA Flickr account. The IAEA will take photographs at the Summit and post them on Flickr.

This material is free to use under the copyright provisions of the IAEA Terms of Use. If you have further questions, please contact the IAEA Press Office. 

The IAEA’s explainer articles, podcasts and other resources on nuclear energy are available on the IAEA website.

To keep abreast of the IAEA’s latest developments, follow the IAEA and #NES2026 on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, X and Weibo.

Follow Director General Grossi on X and Instagram.

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Update 343 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) –

Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) was successfully reconnected to a back-up power line, following repairs carried out under the protection of the fifth local ceasefire negotiated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said. 

The 330 kilovolt (kV) Ferosplavna-1 off-site power line was reconnected and restored to the ZNPP at 17:33 local time on Thursday. For 23 days, the ZNPP solely relied on the 750 kV Dniprovska off‑site power line to sustain all essential nuclear safety functions. Before the conflict, the ZNPP had four 750 kV and six 330 kV power lines available.

“The restoration of the additional off-site power line strengthens nuclear safety and security,” Director General Grossi said. The Ferosplavna-1 power line was disconnected on 10 February, reportedly as a result of military activity at the switchyard operated by the Zaporizhzhya Thermal Power Plant (ZTPP). 

Preparatory works, including de-mining activities, first took place last week on 27 and 28 February. Following this necessary step, the IAEA team at the ZNPP was able to visit the switchyard and observe damage to various electrical components such as breakers, disconnectors, current transformers and cable segments. Monitored daily by the IAEA team, the repairs were completed on Thursday, after the systematic replacement or refurbishment of key components reusing other parts of the switchyard.

“Off-site power lines to the ZNPP were disconnected on multiple occasions over the past three months, including two total losses of off-site power, bringing the total to 12 since the start of the war,” Director General Grossi said. “These repeated outages underline the importance of maintaining secure off-site power under the Five Principles.”

The Ferosplavna‑1 power line normally delivers back-up electricity to the ZNPP from the ZTPP switchyard through two separate lines. Recent damage to key components in the 330 kV switchyard prevented the restoration of both of these lines, therefore repair efforts were focused on restoring the line that connects the 330 kV ZTPP switchyard to the ZNPP autotransformer in the 750 kV switchyard — a line previously repaired under an IAEA‑negotiated ceasefire in December 2025.

This work has now re‑established the Ferosplavna‑1 line as a source of back-up power for the ZNPP, however with reduced independence in the plant’s back-up power options. The IAEA will work closely with the ZNPP to identify a solution for full restoration of the back-up power source.