As Sudan’s gruelling conflict enters its fourth year, a record number of people have now been displaced by the world’s worst humanitarian and displacement crisis, accelerating hunger and suffering.
More than 30 million people – over half the population – in Sudan urgently need humanitarian support. Nearly 14 million people have been forced from their homes since the conflict began in April 2023. Almost a third – 4.5 million – fled to neighbouring countries Chad, the Central African Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya and South Sudan; countries already struggling with under-funded emergencies.
The crisis is compounded by the decimation of lifesaving support from the UN and humanitarian agencies, including Oxfam, who have been forced to either stop or scale back programmes across the region due to funding cuts. Some aid agencies have closed entirely, while those still operating are now only able to assist only a fraction of those in need.
More than 1.3 million people have crossed the border to South Sudan, a country already grappling with hunger and insecurity with over 300,000 displaced by renewed fighting in Jonglei state. In Renk, the main transit centre is now operating at more than four times its capacity.
Oxfam staff have reported that, families are having to sleep out in the open areas as spaces run out. Water and food rations have significantly reduced with families receiving less than half of their monthly food rations while access to clean water has dropped leaving thousands to rely on unsafe water sources. 26 deaths were also reported since January linked to severe malnutrition and shortages of medical supplies.
Oxfam in Africa Director, Ms Fati N’Zi-Hassane said: “This is a damning political failure. It is devastating that millions of people are in desperate need across so many countries, at a time when aid cuts have drastically reduced support. It’s completely unacceptable.
“In Renk, before the funding cuts, Oxfam was supporting over 40,000 people with lifesaving assistance, including water, food and cash assistance. That number has dropped to just over 7,000 people and no longer includes food support. Families are having to survive on five litres of water a day and a latrine that once supported 28 people is now used by over 70, more than double the maximum standard.”
Hamdi, a mother of three who recently arrived in Renk said to Oxfam staff: “I lost most of my family to the conflict in Sudan. I walked for days to get to South Sudan but until now I have not managed to get a space for my three children in the transit center, we had to set up a makeshift home in the open area which is not safe for us all. The food we are getting is not enough but at least we are safe from the war for now.”
Chad alone has taken in over one million refugees from Sudan – more than in the previous two decades combined – while an estimated 3 million people in the country will need food assistance at the peak of the upcoming lean season from July to September with Sudanese refugees in the eastern province being the hardest hit.
Yet funding to Chad continue to drop. U.S. contributions to the refugee crisis dropped from $87.5 million in 2024 to $39.9 million in 2025 – covering only 9.8% of requirements in 2025 even as the number of refugees continues to increase, stretching the response.
Germany and the African Union have confirmed plans to co-host the third international Sudan conference in Berlin on 15 April. The meeting aims to support peace efforts and mobilize humanitarian aid amid ongoing conflict.
Ms N’Zi-Hassane said: “As leaders gather In Berlin, they must go beyond boardroom discussions and ensure real progress towards both peace and an urgent funding increase for the crisis. Sudanese people and their neighbours have suffered long enough. They cannot afford more meetings that do nothing to both end the conflict and the misery millions are being forced to endure.”
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For more information and interviews, please contact: Fatuma Noor | Fatuma.Noor@oxfam.org | +254 723 944 682 Simon Trépanier | Simon.Trepanier@oxfam.org | +39 388 850 9970 or Sarah Dransfield I Sarah.Dransfield@oxfam.org | +44 (0)7345 768578
Oxfam is supporting refugee response in Chad and South Sudan with clean water and hygiene facilities, food, cash assistance and protection services.
In 2025, Sudan Regional Refugee Response plan was only 25% funded, leaving critical gaps in lifesaving support.
4.5 million people fled to neighbouring countries according to UNHCR
FEWS NET estimates that nearly 3 million people will need food assistance at the height of the lean season in Chad
Food Insecurity and malnutrition in South Sudan remain extremely high according to the IPC with 7.5 million people –53% projected to experience high level of food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above)
US contribution to UNHCR Chad Refugee Response
Emergency standards recommend no more than 50 people per latrine at the onset of a crisis, improving to 20 over time. In Renk, South Sudan that has risen to 70 or more per latrine – pushing facilities beyond safe limits and increasing the risk of outbreaks such as cholera and dysentery
For water, Sphere standards set a minimum of 7.5 litres per person per day in water-scarce emergency contexts, with an ideal target of 20 litres.
